Journal:

Article Title: Calcium signalling through nucleotide receptor P2X1 in rat portal vein myocytes

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0339c.xd

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, amplified DNA fragments of P2X receptors (lanes 1–7) from rat brain (a) and rat portal vein myocytes (b) were separated on a 2 % agarose gel and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide. Lane 8, RNA from brain and portal vein myocytes in the absence of reverse transcriptase served as a negative control. Numbers on the left indicate molecular size standards in base pairs (bp). For RNA purification and PCR conditions, see Methods. B, immunostaining of P2X receptor subtypes in portal vein myocytes. Myocytes were stained with anti-P2X1 receptor (a) or anti-P2X4 receptor antibody (b) and vizualization was realized with a donkey anti-rabbit IgG FITC-conjugated antibody. In the absence of primary antibodies or after inactivation of the antibodies by their antigen peptides, only a faint background fluorescence was observed (not shown). Typical confocal sections were performed above the nucleus and therefore appeared spherical. Both P2X1 (a) and P2X4 (b) receptor subtypes were distributed throughout the confocal sections with a marked staining of P2X1 receptor subtype at the cell periphery.

Article Snippet: The rabbit anti-P2X1 and anti-P2X4 receptor antibodies (Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel) were directed against polypeptides corresponding to residues 382–399 and 370–388 of the rat P2X1 and P2X4 receptors, respectively.

Techniques: Amplification, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Staining, Negative Control, Purification, Immunostaining, Fluorescence

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Presynaptic L-Type Ca 2+ Channels Increase Glutamate Release Probability and Excitatory Strength in the Hippocampus during Chronic Neuroinflammation

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2981-19.2020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Long-lasting LPS treatment increases the expression of L-type Ca2+ channels at glutamatergic synapses. A, Top, Representative images of neurites of hippocampal neurons exposed to either vehicle or LPS for 48 h and double-immunostained with Cav1.2 antibodies (green) and the excitatory presynaptic marker vGLUT1 (red). Merge panels represent synaptic puncta in which Cav1.2 and vGLUT1 colocalize (yellow; arrows). Bottom, Representative immunoreactivity intensity profiles of the colocalization experiments showing the increased occurrence of overlap between Cav1.2- and vGLUT1-positive puncta in the samples chronically treated with LPS. B, Quantification of the density of vGLUT1-positive puncta counted on 30 μm dendrite tracts starting from the neuronal body. Data are mean ± SEM from three independent experiments, each conducted in duplicate (veh = 30; LPS = 29). C, Quantification of the absolute Cav1.2/vGLUT1 colocalization area (top) and of the Cav1.2/vGLUT1 colocalization expressed in percent of the total Cav1.2-immunopositive area (bottom) in vehicle- and LPS-treated neurons (veh = 66; LPS = 97). Data are mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 (unpaired Student's t test/Mann–Whitney U test).

Article Snippet: The presynaptic localization of the L-type Ca 2+ channel was analyzed in treated neurons by evaluating the immunoreactivity of L-type Ca 2+ channel (1:200, Alomone Labs) ( Hermosilla et al., 2017 ) in vGLUT1-positive excitatory boutons.

Techniques: Expressing, Marker, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , lung static elastance (Est); B , viscoelastic component of elastance (ΔE); C - E , resistive (ΔP1), viscoelastic/inhomogeneous (ΔP2), and total lung pressures (ΔPtot), respectively in wild-type (WT) and P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) animals. Values represent mean + SEM of 6–9 animals/group (10 determinations per animal). *p <0.05 and **p <0.001 in relation to the respective control (CTRL).

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative lung parenchyma photomicrographs (hematoxylin-eosin staining) of: A and B , wild-type (WT) and P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) mice after saline instillation, respectively; C-E , WT mice after silica instillation showing polymorphonuclear (arrows), mononuclear cells (arrowhead), and areas of cellular debris (asterisk); D-F , P2X7 receptor KO mice after silica instillation showing polymorphonuclear cells (arrowhead), mononuclear cells (arrows), and focus of apoptotic cells (asterisk). Bars: 1300 µm ( A and B ); 1700 µm ( C and D ); 330 µm ( E and F ). G - H , nodular score and free silica particles quantification, respectively, in lung parenchyma of both genotypes. Box plots represent median of 6 to 9 animals per group (15 pictures/animal) with a statistical cut of ± 10-90% demonstrating their respective SD. * p <0.05.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of lung parenchyma (PicroSirius) of wild-type ( A, B ) and P2X7 receptor knockout ( C, D ) 14 days after intratracheal instillation of silica particles ( B, D ) or saline ( A, C ). E : quantification of collagen fibers in lung parenchyma of wild-type (WT) and P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) mice. Box plots show median values of 5–7 animals in each group with statistical cut off of ±10–90%, with respective SD (15 random non-coincident fields/animal), and are expressed as % surface density of fibers per tissue area in each field. Bars: 900 µm; *p <0.05 and **p<0.01 in relation to the respective control; ++ p <0.05 in relation to Silica-WT.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of lung parenchyma of wild-type mice 14 days after intratracheal instillation of saline (CTRL, A ) or silica particles (SiO 2 , B, C ). D and E : negative control of immunohistochemistry reaction and primary antibody + peptide (1∶1), respectively. Bars: 950 µm ( A, B ); 750 µm ( C, D and E ). F: quantification of P2X7 receptor immunoreactivity. Box plots represent median of 6 to 9 animals per experimental group with a statistical cut of ± 10-90%, with respective SD (15 random non-coincident fields/animal). * p <0.05.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Negative Control, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of lung parenchyma of wild-type (WT; A, C, E ) and P2X7 receptor knockout (KO; B, D, F ) mice 14 days after intratracheal instillation of silica particles ( C-F ) or saline ( A, B ). Arrows: mononuclear cells. Asterisk: aggregates of reactive cells. Bars: 1250 µm ( A, B ); 600 µm ( C, D ); 90 µm ( E, F ). G: quantification of iNOS immunoreactivity. Box plots represent median of 6-9 animals per experimental group with a statistical cut of ± 10-90%, with respective SD (15 random non-coincident fields/animal). **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001 in relation to the respective control; ++ p <0.01 in relation to Silica WT.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of lung parenchyma of wild-type (WT; A, C and E ) and P2X7 receptor knockout (KO; B, E and F ) mice 14 days after instillation of silica particles ( C-F ) or saline ( A, B ). Bars: 1100 µm ( A, B ); 180 µm ( C-F ). Arrows: reactive inflammatory ( C, E, F ) and epithelial cells ( D ). Asterisk: aggregates of reactive cells. G: quantification of p-Smad2/3 immunoreactivity in silica WT and KO mice. Box plots show median values of 5–7 animals in each group with a statistical cut off of ±10–90%, with respective SD (15 random non-coincident fields/animal). ***p <0.001.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of lung parenchyma of wild-type ( A, C ) and P2X7 receptor knockout ( B, D ) mice 14 days after intratracheal instillation of silica particles. Immunoreactivity was present mainly in mononuclear (arrow) and polymorphonuclear (arrowhead) cells in nodular area ( A, B -inserts). Asterisks show reactive inflammatory cells in WT ( C ) and KO mice ( D ). E, F : reactive bronchiolar (arrow) and smooth muscle (asterisk) cells in WT and KO mice, respectively. Bars: 700 µm ( A ); 650 µm ( B ); 30 µm ( A, B -inserts); 350 µm ( C and D ); 120 µm ( E and F ). G: quantification of NF-κB immunoreactivity in lung parenchyma. Box plots show median of 5–7 animals in each group with a statistical cut off of ±10–90%, with respective SD (15 random non-coincident fields/animal). **p <0.01 and ***p<0.001 in relation to the respective control; ++ p <0.01 in relation to Silica WT.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photomicrographs of lung parenchyma of wild-type ( A, B, E ) and P2X7 receptor knockout ( C, D ) mice 14 days after intratracheal instillation of silica particles. Arrows: TUNEL positive cells. E : reactive brochiolar cells (arrow) in WT mice. Bars: 1250 µm ( A ); 130 µm ( B ); 200 µm ( C, D ); 70 µm ( E ). F : quantification of apoptosis (TUNEL immunoreactivity) in lung parenchyma. Values are mean + SEM of 6-9 animals per group (15 random non-coincident fields/animal). *p <0.05.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out, TUNEL Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Values are mean + SEM of 5–7 mice in wild-type (WT) and P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) groups 14 days after intratracheal instillation of saline (CTRL) or silica particles (SILICA). *p <0.05 in relation to the respective control; #p <0.05 in relation to Silica WT.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of IL-1β in supernatant of alveolar macrophages ( A ), and fibroblasts ( B ) treated with silica (SiO 2 ) or ATP, in the presence or not of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003. Values are mean + SEM of four independent experiments.*p <0.05; #p <0.05 in relation to no treatment.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of NO secretion in supernatant from alveolar macrophages: ( A ) directly treated with silica particles (SiO 2 ) or ATP, in the presence or not of P2X7 receptor inhibitor A740003; or ( C ) treated with supernatant obtained from silica-treated macrophages. Flow cytometry quantification of: B , ROS production (measured by mean fluorescence intensity, MFI); and D , percentage of hypodiploid cell formation (apoptosis) in alveolar macrophage culture after different treatments. oATP: periodate oxidized ATP (P2X7 receptor inhibitor). Values are mean + SEM of three independent experiments. *p <0.05 in relation to no treatment; #p <0.05 in relation to the same agonist without oATP.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophages were exposed to silica particles and imaged using differential interference contrast (DIC). (A-C) Light micrographs of macrophages from wild-type (WT), and (D-E) P2X7 receptor knockout (KO) mice exposed to saline (CTRL) or silica particles (SIL) in the absence or presence of the P2X7 receptor inhibitor oATP (SIL+oATP). Note increased vesicle formation in silica treated macrophages from WT mice (B, arrow) in comparison with macrophages from P2X7 KO mice (E, arrow). B, insert: macrophage pre-treated with cytochalasin and exposed to silica. Bars: 20 µm.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: P2X7 Receptor Modulates Inflammatory and Functional Pulmonary Changes Induced by Silica

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Silica-particles induce ATP release. Extracellular ATP activates P2X7 receptors, culminating in P2X7-mediated ROS production, inflammasome activation, and IL-1β release.

Article Snippet: Four-micrometer-thick sections were collected onto poly-l-lysine prepared slides and stained with specific P2X7 receptor (Alomone, Jerusalem, Israel), nitric oxide synthase inducible (iNOS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA), phospho-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3, nuclear protein that activates transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., AL, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal:

Article Title: Sex differences in the contribution of ATP-sensitive K + channels in trigeminal ganglia under an acute muscle pain condition

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Conventional RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of mRNAs for Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits in the TG of both male and female rats.

Article Snippet: Four KATP subunit antibodies were used. (1) A polyclonal rabbit antibody corresponding to amino acid residues 382–396 of rat Kir6.1 was raised against the peptide C-KRNSMRRNNSMRRSN (1:500, Alomone Labs). (2) A polyclonal rabbit antibody corresponding to amino acid residues 372–385 of rat Kir6.2 was raised against the peptide C-SVAVAKAKPKFSIS (1:500, Alomone Labs). (3) A polyclonal goat antibody was raised against a peptide mapping the c-terminus of human SUR1 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). (4) A polyclonal goat antibody was raised against amino acids 921–1000 mapping an internal region of human SUR2 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal:

Article Title: Sex differences in the contribution of ATP-sensitive K + channels in trigeminal ganglia under an acute muscle pain condition

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blot experiments confirmed that protein for each KATP subunit is expressed in TG. (Top) Examples of immunoblots for Kir and SUR subunits along with GAPDH from TG of males and females in Pro and Di phases are shown. (Bottom) The group data showed that Kir6.2 protein level in female TG was substantially less compared to that of male. Other KATP subunits were expressed at comparable levels between the two sexes (n=6 for each group). p<0.05

Article Snippet: Four KATP subunit antibodies were used. (1) A polyclonal rabbit antibody corresponding to amino acid residues 382–396 of rat Kir6.1 was raised against the peptide C-KRNSMRRNNSMRRSN (1:500, Alomone Labs). (2) A polyclonal rabbit antibody corresponding to amino acid residues 372–385 of rat Kir6.2 was raised against the peptide C-SVAVAKAKPKFSIS (1:500, Alomone Labs). (3) A polyclonal goat antibody was raised against a peptide mapping the c-terminus of human SUR1 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). (4) A polyclonal goat antibody was raised against amino acids 921–1000 mapping an internal region of human SUR2 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal:

Article Title: Sex differences in the contribution of ATP-sensitive K + channels in trigeminal ganglia under an acute muscle pain condition

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.01.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 are expressed in trigeminal ganglion neurons (A and D, respectively). The somata of masseter afferents labeled by retrograde transport of Fast Blue (FB; B and E) expressed Kir6.1 (C) or Kir6.2 (F). Bar graphs represent sex differences in the percentages of Kir6.1 (top) and Kir6.2 (bottom) positive masseter afferents in TG. * p<0.05, **p<0.01 (n= 4 in each group). The estrus cycle phase of the female rats were not determined for these experiments.

Article Snippet: Four KATP subunit antibodies were used. (1) A polyclonal rabbit antibody corresponding to amino acid residues 382–396 of rat Kir6.1 was raised against the peptide C-KRNSMRRNNSMRRSN (1:500, Alomone Labs). (2) A polyclonal rabbit antibody corresponding to amino acid residues 372–385 of rat Kir6.2 was raised against the peptide C-SVAVAKAKPKFSIS (1:500, Alomone Labs). (3) A polyclonal goat antibody was raised against a peptide mapping the c-terminus of human SUR1 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). (4) A polyclonal goat antibody was raised against amino acids 921–1000 mapping an internal region of human SUR2 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Labeling